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	<title>Comments on: What Really Went Wrong</title>
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	<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/17/what-really-went-wrong/</link>
	<description>The Big Questions &#124; Tackling the Problems of Philosophy with Ideas from Mathematics, Economics, and Physics</description>
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		<title>By: market outcomes</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/17/what-really-went-wrong/comment-page-1/#comment-4744</link>
		<dc:creator>market outcomes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 03 Apr 2010 18:46:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2778#comment-4744</guid>
		<description>[...] active management costs, not the informational efficiency of the market that the index tracks. ...What Really Went Wrong at Steven Landsburg &#124; The Big ...The Big Questions &#124; Tackling the Problems of Philosophy with Ideas from Mathematics, Economics, and [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] active management costs, not the informational efficiency of the market that the index tracks. &#8230;What Really Went Wrong at Steven Landsburg | The Big &#8230;The Big Questions | Tackling the Problems of Philosophy with Ideas from Mathematics, Economics, and [...]</p>
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		<title>By: godhi</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/17/what-really-went-wrong/comment-page-1/#comment-4663</link>
		<dc:creator>godhi</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 Apr 2010 12:15:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2778#comment-4663</guid>
		<description>[...] E-Mail (will not be published) (required) Website. Notify me of followup comments via e-mail ...What Really Went Wrong at Steven Landsburg &#124; The Big ...The Big Questions &#124; Tackling the Problems of Philosophy with Ideas from Mathematics, Economics, and [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] E-Mail (will not be published) (required) Website. Notify me of followup comments via e-mail &#8230;What Really Went Wrong at Steven Landsburg | The Big &#8230;The Big Questions | Tackling the Problems of Philosophy with Ideas from Mathematics, Economics, and [...]</p>
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		<title>By: &#34;Questions and Answers about the Financial Crisis&#34; &#171; Finance Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/17/what-really-went-wrong/comment-page-1/#comment-4414</link>
		<dc:creator>&#34;Questions and Answers about the Financial Crisis&#34; &#171; Finance Blog</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Mar 2010 12:47:21 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>[...] See also What Really Went Wrong?, BY Steve Landsburg. Go to [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] See also What Really Went Wrong?, BY Steve Landsburg. Go to [...]</p>
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		<title>By: KenM</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/17/what-really-went-wrong/comment-page-1/#comment-4178</link>
		<dc:creator>KenM</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Mar 2010 05:57:53 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Can anyone knowledgeably address Bennett Haselton&#039;s (first commenter) questions? Pretty much the same questions occurred to me after I read Gorton&#039;s papers.  They seem fairly obvious, but he doesn&#039;t address them, and from my Google searches, neither does anyone else.

Thanks!

Ken</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Can anyone knowledgeably address Bennett Haselton&#8217;s (first commenter) questions? Pretty much the same questions occurred to me after I read Gorton&#8217;s papers.  They seem fairly obvious, but he doesn&#8217;t address them, and from my Google searches, neither does anyone else.</p>
<p>Thanks!</p>
<p>Ken</p>
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		<title>By: Dave</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/17/what-really-went-wrong/comment-page-1/#comment-4159</link>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Mar 2010 20:28:38 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>I meant inflationary bubble.

Also with rising interest rates, the Fed is still increasing the money supply with no commensurate increase in savings. 

Anyway - if you could supply a source for the boom starting in 1920 exactly would be fantastic (note that this doesn&#039;t mean a price rise).

Kinda feels like your grasping at straws (I note how quickly you moved away from the Railway Mania).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I meant inflationary bubble.</p>
<p>Also with rising interest rates, the Fed is still increasing the money supply with no commensurate increase in savings. </p>
<p>Anyway &#8211; if you could supply a source for the boom starting in 1920 exactly would be fantastic (note that this doesn&#8217;t mean a price rise).</p>
<p>Kinda feels like your grasping at straws (I note how quickly you moved away from the Railway Mania).</p>
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		<title>By: Dave</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/17/what-really-went-wrong/comment-page-1/#comment-4158</link>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Mar 2010 20:20:07 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Prices were low in 1920....Just because prices were rising doesn&#039;t mean that there was a bubble. there was just demand. Once it got speculative (with an increasing money supply), it shifts into a deflationary bubble with the inevitable bust.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Prices were low in 1920&#8230;.Just because prices were rising doesn&#8217;t mean that there was a bubble. there was just demand. Once it got speculative (with an increasing money supply), it shifts into a deflationary bubble with the inevitable bust.</p>
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		<title>By: JLA</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/17/what-really-went-wrong/comment-page-1/#comment-4156</link>
		<dc:creator>JLA</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Mar 2010 19:25:42 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Can you explain to me how the Fed cutting rates in the latter half of 1921 was responsible for a real estate boom that started in 1920?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Can you explain to me how the Fed cutting rates in the latter half of 1921 was responsible for a real estate boom that started in 1920?</p>
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		<title>By: Dave</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/17/what-really-went-wrong/comment-page-1/#comment-4154</link>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Mar 2010 19:03:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2778#comment-4154</guid>
		<description>Thanks for making my point. Fed cuts raised drastically in 1921 causing a boom that lead to a bust. This all in the back drop of a lender of last resort via a central bank.

Next.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks for making my point. Fed cuts raised drastically in 1921 causing a boom that lead to a bust. This all in the back drop of a lender of last resort via a central bank.</p>
<p>Next.</p>
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		<title>By: JLA</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/17/what-really-went-wrong/comment-page-1/#comment-4152</link>
		<dc:creator>JLA</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Mar 2010 18:33:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2778#comment-4152</guid>
		<description>Actually, the U.S. experienced deflation from 1920 to 1921 - right when the Florida land boom was getting started.  The land boom turned into a bust in 1925 - right in the middle of a period of loose monetary policy.

The theory that &quot;bubbles&quot; are purely a monetary phenomenon is inconsistent with this observation.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Actually, the U.S. experienced deflation from 1920 to 1921 &#8211; right when the Florida land boom was getting started.  The land boom turned into a bust in 1925 &#8211; right in the middle of a period of loose monetary policy.</p>
<p>The theory that &#8220;bubbles&#8221; are purely a monetary phenomenon is inconsistent with this observation.</p>
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		<title>By: Dave</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/17/what-really-went-wrong/comment-page-1/#comment-4151</link>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Mar 2010 18:05:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2778#comment-4151</guid>
		<description>JLA - both of those examples were in the back of huge monetary expansion by a central bank. First the Bank of England, and secondly the newly created Federal Reserve.

With a stable money supply, an increase in prices of one asset class demands a decrease in prices of another. The fact that we didn&#039;t observe that in the last decade is evidence of an increasing money supply.

Speculative bubbles can obviously get out of control with &quot;animal spirits&quot; but without an infinite money supply to fund the speculation, you just can&#039;t get bubbles because the cost of borrowing would increase and other investment opportunties would be far more attractive as their prices would fall/yields would increase both on a relative and absolute basis.

The housing bubble we just went through was a combination of the increasing money supply and legislative incentives for home ownership (tax deductions, no capital gains tax, low interest on housing, Fannie/Freddie bidding up loan books and providing liquidity).

With an increased money supply, it has to go somewhere. If the legislators incentivise certain activities by not allowing the market to generate diminishin marginal returns into an asset class, then that&#039;s where the bubble will form. Other industries latch on to the growth into that sector (eg mortgage broking, building, furnishing etc) that when it becomes evident that there was not sufficient real capital to support the growth and anciliary business, then the bust occurs and everything else that was tied into it follows.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>JLA &#8211; both of those examples were in the back of huge monetary expansion by a central bank. First the Bank of England, and secondly the newly created Federal Reserve.</p>
<p>With a stable money supply, an increase in prices of one asset class demands a decrease in prices of another. The fact that we didn&#8217;t observe that in the last decade is evidence of an increasing money supply.</p>
<p>Speculative bubbles can obviously get out of control with &#8220;animal spirits&#8221; but without an infinite money supply to fund the speculation, you just can&#8217;t get bubbles because the cost of borrowing would increase and other investment opportunties would be far more attractive as their prices would fall/yields would increase both on a relative and absolute basis.</p>
<p>The housing bubble we just went through was a combination of the increasing money supply and legislative incentives for home ownership (tax deductions, no capital gains tax, low interest on housing, Fannie/Freddie bidding up loan books and providing liquidity).</p>
<p>With an increased money supply, it has to go somewhere. If the legislators incentivise certain activities by not allowing the market to generate diminishin marginal returns into an asset class, then that&#8217;s where the bubble will form. Other industries latch on to the growth into that sector (eg mortgage broking, building, furnishing etc) that when it becomes evident that there was not sufficient real capital to support the growth and anciliary business, then the bust occurs and everything else that was tied into it follows.</p>
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