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	<title>Steven Landsburg &#124; The Big Questions: Tackling the Problems of Philosophy with Ideas from Mathematics, Economics, and Physics &#187; Progress</title>
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	<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com</link>
	<description>The Big Questions &#124; Tackling the Problems of Philosophy with Ideas from Mathematics, Economics, and Physics</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Thu, 29 Jul 2010 06:06:12 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>The Internet to the Rescue</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/05/21/the-internet-to-the-rescue/</link>
		<comments>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/05/21/the-internet-to-the-rescue/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 May 2010 06:01:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Steve Landsburg</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cool Stuff]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Progress]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=3524</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Two Russian girls arrive in DC as part of a travel exchange program for which they&#8217;ve paid about $3000.  The program promises them jobs on arrival but fails to deliver.  Instead, they are instructed to travel to New York City to do &#8220;hostess work&#8221; in a place called the Lux Lounge.  Their [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Two Russian girls arrive in DC as part of a travel exchange program for which they&#8217;ve paid about $3000.  The program promises them jobs on arrival but fails to deliver.  Instead, they are instructed to travel to New York City to do &#8220;hostess work&#8221; in a place called the <a href="http://www.landsburg.org/lux.jpg">Lux Lounge</a>.  Their American friend, currently in Wyoming, pleads with them not to go, but after some initial hesitation they board a Greyhound bus to New York, insisting that everything is fine.</p>
<p>Where can the panicked friend turn?  To the Internet, of course.  He posts a <a href="http://ask.metafilter.com/154334/Help-me-help-my-friend-in-DC">plea for help</a>.  Commenters jump into action, contacting police and social service agencies, pooling information to figure out what bus the girls are likely to be on, and arranging to have them escorted to a police station.  A couple of hundred comments later, the girls are safe and sound.  One commenter adds:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>This is the best use of the Internet that I, personally, have ever seen. I&#8217;m so proud to be a member of this community.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Indeed. </p>
<p><center><font color=orange>Click <a href="http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/05/21/the-internet-to-the-rescue/">here</a> to comment or read others&#8217; comments.</font></center></p>
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		<slash:comments>10</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Book With All the Answers</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/04/29/the-book-with-all-the-answers/</link>
		<comments>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/04/29/the-book-with-all-the-answers/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Apr 2010 06:01:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Steve Landsburg</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Memories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Progress]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=3252</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Do you remember Mister Bunny Rabbit?.   He was a friend of Captain Kangaroo. One day long ago, when I still measured my age in single digits, Mister Bunny Rabbit announced that he owned a book containing the answer to every possible question.  I was skeptical about that book, and so was the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.thebigquestions.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/bunny.jpg"><img src="http://www.thebigquestions.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/bunny.jpg" alt="bunny" title="bunny" width="200" height="133" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-3253" /></a>Do you remember <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Bunny_Rabbit">Mister Bunny Rabbit?</a>.   He was a friend of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Kangaroo">Captain Kangaroo.</a> One day long ago, when I still measured my age in single digits, Mister Bunny Rabbit announced that he owned a book containing the answer to every possible question.  I was skeptical about that book, and so was the Captain, who scoffed mightily at the notion.  By way of a test, he looked up the question &#8220;Where is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Green_Jeans">Mister Green Jeans</a> right now?&#8221;.  The book&#8217;s answer was &#8220;In the attic&#8221;, which the Captain knew (I forget how) could not possibly be right.  While the Captain was still gloating, Mister Green Jeans ambled in and mentioned that he&#8217;d just come from the attic.  </p>
<p>The Captain was amazed, and so was I.  Long into adulthood, I pondered how that book could possibly have known where Mister Green Jeans was.  The best answer I ever got was from the journalist <a href="http://www.suellentrop.com/">Chris Suellentrop</a>, who speculated that it was probably one of those quantum mechanical things where the act of asking the question caused both the book and Mister Green Jeans to settle down from a cloud of possibilities into mutually compatible states.  Others&#8212;not so very long ago&#8212;speculated that perhaps the book was controlled by a satellite operating a surveillance camera.</p>
<p>Nowadays, of course, we can all carry that book in our pockets.  I wonder if today&#8217;s children would find anything particularly magical about a reference work that has the answers to pretty much everything, and updates them on the fly.</p>
<p><center><font color=orange>Click <a href="http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/04/29/the-book-with-all-the-answers/">here</a> to comment or read others&#8217; comments.</font></center></p>
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		<slash:comments>11</slash:comments>
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		<title>Giving Thanks</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2009/11/26/giving-thanks/</link>
		<comments>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2009/11/26/giving-thanks/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 07:01:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Steve Landsburg</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Philosophy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Progress]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=1076</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[After the philosopher Daniel Dennett was rushed to the hospital for lifesaving surgery to replace a damaged aorta, he had an epiphany:

I saw with greater clarity than ever before in my life that when I say &#8220;Thank goodness!&#8221; this is not merely a euphemism for &#8220;Thank God!&#8221; (We atheists don&#8217;t believe that there is any [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>After the philosopher <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Dennett">Daniel Dennett</a> was rushed to the hospital for lifesaving surgery to replace a damaged aorta, he had <a href="http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/dennett06/dennett06_index.html">an epiphany:</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>I saw with greater clarity than ever before in my life that when I say &#8220;Thank goodness!&#8221; this is not merely a euphemism for &#8220;Thank God!&#8221; (We atheists don&#8217;t believe that there is any God to thank.) I really do mean <i>thank goodness!</i> There is a lot of goodness in this world, and more goodness every day, and this fantastic human-made fabric of excellence  is genuinely responsible for the fact that I am alive today. It is a worthy recipient of the gratitude I feel today, and I want to celebrate that fact here and now. </p>
<p><span id="more-1076"></span></p>
<p>To whom, then, do I owe a debt of gratitude? To the cardiologist who has kept me alive and ticking for years, and who swiftly and confidently rejected the original diagnosis of nothing worse than pneumonia. To the surgeons, neurologists, anesthesiologists, and the perfusionist, who kept my systems going for many hours under daunting circumstances. To the dozen or so physician assistants, and to nurses and physical therapists and x-ray technicians and a small army of phlebotomists so deft that you hardly know they are drawing your blood, and the people who brought the meals, kept my room clean, did the mountains of laundry generated by such a messy case, wheel-chaired me to x-ray, and so forth. These people came from Uganda, Kenya, Liberia, Haiti, the Philippines, Croatia, Russia, China, Korea,  India—and the United States, of course—and I have never seen more impressive mutual respect, as they helped each other out and checked each other&#8217;s work. But for all their teamwork, this local gang could not have done their jobs without the huge background of contributions from others. I remember with gratitude my late friend and Tufts colleague, physicist Allan Cormack, who shared the Nobel Prize for his invention of the c-t scanner. Allan—you have posthumously saved yet another life, but who&#8217;s counting? The world is better for the work you did. Thank goodness. Then there is the whole system of medicine, both the science and the technology, without which the best-intentioned efforts of individuals would be roughly useless. So I am grateful to the editorial boards and referees, past and present, of <i>Science, Nature, Journal of the American Medical Association, Lancet</i>, and all the other institutions of science and medicine that keep churning  out improvements, detecting and correcting flaws.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Indeed.  And because the supply of thankfulness is not fixed, it will not depreciate the value of Professor Dennett&#8217;s sentiment to add a word of thanks not just for <i>goodness</i> but for <i>greed</i>&#8212;the greed that inspired generations of inventors and investors, laborers and capitalists, doctors and nurses, technicians and scientists to envision and perfect such a thing as an artificial aorta, to educate themselves in the healing professions, and to show up for work every day.  For the most part, they did it to make a buck.</p>
<p>We can be thankful too for the system that channels all that potentially destructive greed into life-sustaining brilliance.  But we might temper our gratitude just a bit with a moment of wistful regret for the lives lost because of unnecessary imperfections in that system.  As a society, we spend far too little on basic research in health care, largely because breakthroughs are under-rewarded.  For one thing, our reliance on third-party payers (with the attendant loss of control over our own health care choices) makes us willing to pay handsomely even for relatively ineffective treatments, which diminishes the incentive for innovators to make treatments more effective.   (This compelling observation comes from <a href="http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/508033">a paper</a> by the economists <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_M._Murphy">Kevin Murphy</a> and <a href="http://www.chicagobooth.edu/faculty/bio.aspx?person_id=12825845760">Robert Topel</a>; I&#8217;ll be blogging on their work in more detail in the near future.)  </p>
<p>For the sake of future Daniel Dennetts, I hope our legislators have the goodness and wisdom to devise a health care reform package that strengthens the incentive structure instead of weakening it still further.   When they fail, as they probably will, there will be plenty of time for outrage.  Meanwhile, things could be far far worse, and there&#8217;s much to be grateful for on this Thanksgiving day.</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Times, They&#8217;ve Been a Changin&#8217;</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2009/11/04/the-times-theyve-been-a-changin/</link>
		<comments>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2009/11/04/the-times-theyve-been-a-changin/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2009 07:05:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Steve Landsburg</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Literature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Progress]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=122</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I have recently finished reading Hunters and Gatherers, a (quite good) novel written and set in 1991, which includes the following plot elements:
1)  A door-to-door saleswoman pitches (hardcopy) encyclopedias to customers who eagerly seek easy access to vast quantities of information.
2)  A man is eager to read an obscure novel he&#8217;s heard about, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have recently finished reading <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Hunters-Gatherers-Geoff-Nicholson/dp/0575402679/">Hunters and Gatherers</a>, a (quite good) novel written and set in 1991, which includes the following plot elements:</p>
<p>1)  A door-to-door saleswoman pitches (hardcopy) encyclopedias to customers who eagerly seek easy access to vast quantities of information.</p>
<p>2)  A man is eager to read an obscure novel he&#8217;s heard about, so he scours used book stores, hoping to find a copy.  In the meantime, he&#8217;s not sure what the novel is about, and has no way to find out. </p>
<p>3)  A comedian stores his collection of jokes on notecards, filling two rooms worth of file cabinets.  </p>
<p>4)  A collector of sound effects stores her collection on cassette tapes, and has no cost-effective way to create backups.</p>
<p>5)  A man is unable to stay in close contact with his (adult) children, because long distance calling rates are prohibitively high.</p>
<p><span id="more-122"></span></p>
<p>The next time some Luddite tries to tell me that living standards haven&#8217;t improved in the past couple of decades, I think I&#8217;ll hand him a copy of this book.</p>
<p>Either that or I&#8217;ll sit him down to watch nearly any movie made in the twentieth century.   Choose one at random and the chances are pretty good that a single cellphone could have resolved all the characters&#8217; troubles in about a minute.</p>
<p>(Hat tip to the perspicacious <a href="http://blahg.blank.org/">Nathan Mehl</a> for the movie/cellphone observation, and for his permission to steal it.) </p>
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