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	<title>Comments for Steven Landsburg | The Big Questions: Tackling the Problems of Philosophy with Ideas from Mathematics, Economics, and Physics</title>
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	<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com</link>
	<description>The Big Questions &#124; Tackling the Problems of Philosophy with Ideas from Mathematics, Economics, and Physics</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 12:30:32 -0700</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>Comment on How to Be Fiscally Responsible by EricK</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/11/how-to-be-fiscally-responsible/comment-page-1/#comment-3947</link>
		<dc:creator>EricK</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 12:30:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2676#comment-3947</guid>
		<description>Isn&#039;t part of the reason there is so much &quot;left in the ATM&quot; that taxes have been too low in the past? The taxes haven&#039;t been collected in the past - which is why spending has been greater than tax revenue - so it IS there to collect now.

If a government spending more than it claims in taxes is what it means to be fiscally irresponsible, then either decreasing spending or increasing taxes will be more fiscally responsible. If the relative sizes of spending and taxes are not what makes a government fiscally responsible, then the whole basis of the analogy at the start of the blog post falls apart.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Isn&#8217;t part of the reason there is so much &#8220;left in the ATM&#8221; that taxes have been too low in the past? The taxes haven&#8217;t been collected in the past &#8211; which is why spending has been greater than tax revenue &#8211; so it IS there to collect now.</p>
<p>If a government spending more than it claims in taxes is what it means to be fiscally irresponsible, then either decreasing spending or increasing taxes will be more fiscally responsible. If the relative sizes of spending and taxes are not what makes a government fiscally responsible, then the whole basis of the analogy at the start of the blog post falls apart.</p>
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		<title>Comment on This is the Way the World Ends by Josh</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/12/this-is-the-way-the-world-ends/comment-page-1/#comment-3946</link>
		<dc:creator>Josh</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 12:30:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2709#comment-3946</guid>
		<description>All I know is that the biggest question of all time will continue to be &quot;why is there something rather than nothing?&quot;  Also, has something always been in existence or was there ever a state of nothing?  It just doesn&#039;t seem possible that there was ever a state of nothing.  Oh well enough of the sophomoric rantings.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>All I know is that the biggest question of all time will continue to be &#8220;why is there something rather than nothing?&#8221;  Also, has something always been in existence or was there ever a state of nothing?  It just doesn&#8217;t seem possible that there was ever a state of nothing.  Oh well enough of the sophomoric rantings.</p>
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		<title>Comment on How to Be Fiscally Responsible by Steve Landsburg</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/11/how-to-be-fiscally-responsible/comment-page-1/#comment-3943</link>
		<dc:creator>Steve Landsburg</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 11:57:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2676#comment-3943</guid>
		<description>Neil:  

&lt;i&gt;I lose that tax revenue forever–the present value of future taxes doesn’t change, so the total falls.&lt;/i&gt;

Anything you fail to tax is either saved or spent.  If it&#039;s saved, then it&#039;s not lost because it&#039;s still there to tax tomorrow.  If it&#039;s spent, then it&#039;s not lost because people got something they valued for it---and the goal, here, of course, is to provide people with things they value. 

In the same way, if you don&#039;t get that $500 haircut, then the $500 either stays in the bank or is available to spend on, say, home repairs.  Either way, pulling the $500 out of the bank to finance the haircut can&#039;t make the haircut more responsible.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Neil:  </p>
<p><i>I lose that tax revenue forever–the present value of future taxes doesn’t change, so the total falls.</i></p>
<p>Anything you fail to tax is either saved or spent.  If it&#8217;s saved, then it&#8217;s not lost because it&#8217;s still there to tax tomorrow.  If it&#8217;s spent, then it&#8217;s not lost because people got something they valued for it&#8212;and the goal, here, of course, is to provide people with things they value. </p>
<p>In the same way, if you don&#8217;t get that $500 haircut, then the $500 either stays in the bank or is available to spend on, say, home repairs.  Either way, pulling the $500 out of the bank to finance the haircut can&#8217;t make the haircut more responsible.</p>
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		<title>Comment on This is the Way the World Ends by Harold</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/12/this-is-the-way-the-world-ends/comment-page-1/#comment-3940</link>
		<dc:creator>Harold</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 11:31:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2709#comment-3940</guid>
		<description>Fenn, you could be right.  There is an argument from statistics that if simulated reality is possible, it is almost certain that we are living in a simulated universe.  It is presumably easier to run a simulation than create a real universe, so there will be hugely more simulations than real ones.  I don&#039;t know if it makes any difference, as long as that plug stays in.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Fenn, you could be right.  There is an argument from statistics that if simulated reality is possible, it is almost certain that we are living in a simulated universe.  It is presumably easier to run a simulation than create a real universe, so there will be hugely more simulations than real ones.  I don&#8217;t know if it makes any difference, as long as that plug stays in.</p>
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		<title>Comment on This is the Way the World Ends by Bennett Haselton</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/12/this-is-the-way-the-world-ends/comment-page-1/#comment-3930</link>
		<dc:creator>Bennett Haselton</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 08:18:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2709#comment-3930</guid>
		<description>http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Music/2010/03/11/Anna-Nicole-opera-to-be-staged-in-London/UPI-93381268361001/
&quot;An opera inspired by the life of former U.S. model and television personality Anna Nicole Smith is to premiere at London&#039;s Royal Opera House, the BBC said.&quot;

Although I may be confusing signs of the apocalypse with the means.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Music/2010/03/11/Anna-Nicole-opera-to-be-staged-in-London/UPI-93381268361001/" rel="nofollow">http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Music/2010/03/11/Anna-Nicole-opera-to-be-staged-in-London/UPI-93381268361001/</a><br />
&#8220;An opera inspired by the life of former U.S. model and television personality Anna Nicole Smith is to premiere at London&#8217;s Royal Opera House, the BBC said.&#8221;</p>
<p>Although I may be confusing signs of the apocalypse with the means.</p>
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		<title>Comment on This is the Way the World Ends by Fenn</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/12/this-is-the-way-the-world-ends/comment-page-1/#comment-3925</link>
		<dc:creator>Fenn</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 07:18:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2709#comment-3925</guid>
		<description>someone trips and disconnects the power to the simulator</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>someone trips and disconnects the power to the simulator</p>
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		<title>Comment on How to Be Fiscally Responsible by Bennett Haselton</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/11/how-to-be-fiscally-responsible/comment-page-1/#comment-3922</link>
		<dc:creator>Bennett Haselton</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 06:16:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2676#comment-3922</guid>
		<description>I think that raising taxes today is somewhat more responsible than adding to the debt, because it forces people to pay for things that they want *now*, which makes them think harder about whether they really want them. (I&#039;m hand-waving over how the tax system makes some people pay for things that benefit other people, but that&#039;s entirely separate from the &quot;pay now&quot; vs. &quot;pay later&quot; issue.)

You said that a $500 haircut doesn&#039;t become &quot;responsible&quot; just because you pay for it out of your bank account.  No, but it&#039;s slightly *more* responsible than paying for it with a credit card.

Yes, logically speaking, if you put a purchase on your credit card, you&#039;ll have to pay for that purchase eventually, so you should weigh the costs and benefits the same as for a cash purchase.  But we know that many people *do* make more irresponsible purchases with credit cards than with their checking accounts.

And that&#039;s not even taking into account that buy-now-pay-later enables some people to get out of paying entirely, if they die before the later taxes are assessed, or if they earn all their income now and them stop earning and start living off their savings before the future tax hikes come.  That&#039;s like putting a $500 haircut on a credit card that *might* come due while you&#039;re still working, but once you retire, has to be paid by someone else.

Of course you&#039;re right that the important thing is to stop getting $500 haircuts in the first place.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think that raising taxes today is somewhat more responsible than adding to the debt, because it forces people to pay for things that they want *now*, which makes them think harder about whether they really want them. (I&#8217;m hand-waving over how the tax system makes some people pay for things that benefit other people, but that&#8217;s entirely separate from the &#8220;pay now&#8221; vs. &#8220;pay later&#8221; issue.)</p>
<p>You said that a $500 haircut doesn&#8217;t become &#8220;responsible&#8221; just because you pay for it out of your bank account.  No, but it&#8217;s slightly *more* responsible than paying for it with a credit card.</p>
<p>Yes, logically speaking, if you put a purchase on your credit card, you&#8217;ll have to pay for that purchase eventually, so you should weigh the costs and benefits the same as for a cash purchase.  But we know that many people *do* make more irresponsible purchases with credit cards than with their checking accounts.</p>
<p>And that&#8217;s not even taking into account that buy-now-pay-later enables some people to get out of paying entirely, if they die before the later taxes are assessed, or if they earn all their income now and them stop earning and start living off their savings before the future tax hikes come.  That&#8217;s like putting a $500 haircut on a credit card that *might* come due while you&#8217;re still working, but once you retire, has to be paid by someone else.</p>
<p>Of course you&#8217;re right that the important thing is to stop getting $500 haircuts in the first place.</p>
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		<title>Comment on How to Be Fiscally Responsible by Neil</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/11/how-to-be-fiscally-responsible/comment-page-1/#comment-3919</link>
		<dc:creator>Neil</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 04:57:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2676#comment-3919</guid>
		<description>Okay, I&#039;ve thought about this, and I think the argument is wrong.  Taxing power is not like money in the bank--i.e., if I don&#039;t take it out today, it is there for me tomorrow.  Taxes are on economic activity--if I fail to tax economic activity today, I miss that chance and reduce the total amount of tax I can collect overall.

The total tax that can be collected is the discounted value of the maximum possible tax rate (say the revenue maximizing rate) times the flow of economic activity in each period.  If, for example, I set the current tax rate equal to zero today, I lose that tax revenue forever--the present value of future taxes doesn&#039;t change, so the total falls.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Okay, I&#8217;ve thought about this, and I think the argument is wrong.  Taxing power is not like money in the bank&#8211;i.e., if I don&#8217;t take it out today, it is there for me tomorrow.  Taxes are on economic activity&#8211;if I fail to tax economic activity today, I miss that chance and reduce the total amount of tax I can collect overall.</p>
<p>The total tax that can be collected is the discounted value of the maximum possible tax rate (say the revenue maximizing rate) times the flow of economic activity in each period.  If, for example, I set the current tax rate equal to zero today, I lose that tax revenue forever&#8211;the present value of future taxes doesn&#8217;t change, so the total falls.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Out of the Closet and Into the News by Josh</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/10/out-of-the-closet-and-into-the-news/comment-page-1/#comment-3915</link>
		<dc:creator>Josh</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:03:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2657#comment-3915</guid>
		<description>This is a little off point, while still somewhat on subject, but I&#039;ll never know why any straight man would be mad about someone being gay men or about gay men existing.  As a straight male, I would absolutely love it if all of a sudden half of the straight men out there suddenly turned gay, while the lesbian population remained constant.  

I can&#039;t prove this, but it seems to me just from casual observation that there are more gay men (at least in the United States) than lesbian women, so that&#039;s a plus for straight men if true.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is a little off point, while still somewhat on subject, but I&#8217;ll never know why any straight man would be mad about someone being gay men or about gay men existing.  As a straight male, I would absolutely love it if all of a sudden half of the straight men out there suddenly turned gay, while the lesbian population remained constant.  </p>
<p>I can&#8217;t prove this, but it seems to me just from casual observation that there are more gay men (at least in the United States) than lesbian women, so that&#8217;s a plus for straight men if true.</p>
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		<title>Comment on How to Be Fiscally Responsible by EricK</title>
		<link>http://www.thebigquestions.com/2010/03/11/how-to-be-fiscally-responsible/comment-page-1/#comment-3911</link>
		<dc:creator>EricK</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:38:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thebigquestions.com/?p=2676#comment-3911</guid>
		<description>Instead of (or, perhaps, as well as) eliminating those departments which largely just move money around, why not just slash military spending? The US military takes over a million potentially productive people and employs them to destroy wealth (both their own and that of other countries).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Instead of (or, perhaps, as well as) eliminating those departments which largely just move money around, why not just slash military spending? The US military takes over a million potentially productive people and employs them to destroy wealth (both their own and that of other countries).</p>
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